Regulatory effects of miR-138 and RUNX3 on Th1/Th2 balance in peripheral blood of children with cough variant asthma / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the expression levels of microRNA-138 (miR-138) and Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) in peripheral blood of children with cough variant asthma (CVA) and their regulatory effects on Th1/Th2 balance.@*METHODS@#Sixty-five children with CVA (CVA group) and 30 healthy children (control group) were enrolled. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected for both groups, and CD4@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the CVA group showed significantly decreased levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 from CD4@*CONCLUSIONS@#MiR-138 regulates Th1/Th2 balance by targeting RUNX3 in children with CVA, providing a new direction for the treatment of CVA.

Cardiac surgery ERAS system and practical effects / 医学研究生学报

Objective Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) refers to a series of evidence-based medical evidence that has been used to confirm the effective treatment measures in perioperative period, which contributes to speed up the recovery of patients. We aimed to explore the effect of preoperative ERAS for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods Patients with cardiac surgery of a single-center (third-class hospital in cardiac surgery intensive care unit) were compared 6 months before the implementation of ERAS (n =704) and 6 months after implementation (n = 685), and followed up for 1 month. The primary outcomes were acute renal failure, re-intubation, stroke and 30-day mortality. The secondary outcomes included re-operation rates, bloating, wound infections and lung infections. Results After the implementation of ERAS, the mechanical ventilation time decreased significantly from the median of 6 hours to 4.5 hours (P<0.001). The ICU stay time and hospitalization time after ICU transfer were significantly shorter (P<0.001), and the incidence of adverse events, postoperative abdominal distension and lung infection was significantly lower (P<0.05). Addictionally, the hospitalization cost decreased (P<0.05), and the satisfaction increased (P<0.05). Conclusion ERAS for patients undergoing heart surgery can effectively promote their postoperative recovery, decrease postoperative complications, shorten the length of hospitalization, reduce the cost of hospitalization, then improve patients’ satisfaction. The transformation and application of ERAS in cardiac surgery has important clinical value.

Effect of Shuangbo San on Promoting Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function of Prostatic Cancer Patients After Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of Shuangbo San on promoting the recovery of gastrointestinal function of prostatic cancer patients after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP). Methods Sixty-five prostatic cancer patients after LRP were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment group (N = 33)was treated with postoperative conventional western medicine combined with acupoint application of heated Shuangbo San on Shenque(CV8), and the control group(N = 32) was treated with postoperative conventional western medicine. The treatment lasted for 7 continous days. The clinical outcomes included time for the recovery of bowel sounds, postoperative exsufflation time, postoperative defecation time, time for the relief of abdominal distension and pain, average hospitalization time and total effective rate. Results (1) Time for the recovery of bowel sounds, postoperative exsufflation time, and postoperative defecation time in the treatment group were shortened as compared with the control group, the difference being significant (P < 0.05 or P <0.01). (2) After treatment, time for the relief of abdominal distension and pain, and average hospitalization time in the treatment group were shorter, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of abdominal distension and pain were less than those in the control group, the difference being significant(P<0.01).(3) The total effective rate of the treatment group and the control group was 93.94％, 71.88％ respectively, the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Acupoint application of heated Shuangbo San on Shenque(CV8) is effective on promoting the exsufflation and defecation of post-LRP prostatic cancer patients, relieving abdominal distension and pain, promoting the recovery of gastrointestinal function, reducing the risk of postoperative intestinal obstruction and shortening hospitalization time, and has certain advantages as compared with postoperative conventional western medicine.

A study on epidemiological characteristic of measles in Wenzhou among children younger than 7 years / 预防医学

Objective To explore the risk factors for measles among children under 7 years old in Wenzhou, and to provideevidence for establishing scientific strategies on measles elimination. Methods A case-control study was carried out usingmeasles cases(age <7) reported between 2013 to 2015 from the Wenzhou Measles Surveillance System (WZMSS) . Asample of 198 cases were generated from the WZMSS confirmed cases of measles, and 371 controls were generated from theWZMSS excluded cases of measles. General characteristics and potential risk factors were collected, such as sex, age,original place of residence, length of stay in Wenzhou, history of hospital exposure and measles immunization history(i.e.receiving measles-containing vaccine) and so on. An univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used toassess the association between different factors and the incidence of measles , and to investigate the risk factors that influencethe incidence of measles. Results A total of 198 measles cases among children under age 7 were reported between 2013 to2015 in Wenzhou, taking up 67.58% of the total reported measles cases of WZMSS, and suggesting an average of annualincidence rate of 8.85/10 million. The incidence ratio of male to female was 1.57:1.00. Children of 6-8 months old had thehighest incidence rate of 151.66/10 million. The incidence rate among migrant children was 15.01/10 million and wassignificantly higher thanlocal children(P<0.05) . Univariate logistic regression showed that the incidence of measles weresignificantly associated with age, original place of residence, length of stay in Wenzhou, history of hospital exposure andmeasles immunization history(P<0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression showed that migrant children(OR =2.28, 95%CI:1.56-3.33), no measles immunization history(OR=3.83, 95%CI: 2.48-5.92) and having hospital exposure(OR =2.35, 95%CI: 1.58-3.47) were risk factors for the incidence of measles. Conclusion Children of 6-8 months old had thehighest incidence rate of measles. Migrant children, nomeasles immunization history and having hospital exposurecould increase the incidence rate of measles among children younger than 7.

Midterm clinical outcome for ankylosing spondylitis patients with early hip-involved diseases treated with arthroscopic technique / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical outcome of manipulation release combined with arthroscopic debridement and synovia resection under general anesthesia for early hip involvment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Manipulation release combined with arthroscpic debridement and synovium resection were performed for hip lesion in 22 patients with ankylosing spondylitis from June 2011 to June 2013, incuding 6 males and 16 females with anverage age of 24.7 years ranging from 17 to 23 years. The course of the diseases was from 10 to 41 months(22.1 months on average). After 6 months of conservative treatment, hip pain and other symptoms were no relief. The preoperative and postoperative follow-up evaluation was performed and compared by the hip movement, VAS pain score, mHHS score and NAHS score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 26 to 44 months with an average of 30.2 months. The range of motion in active flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, internal-external rotation in 0° flexion and 90° flexion increased from (78.2±10.2)°, (36.3±6.4)°, (31.1±9.2)° and (37.3±10.5)° before operation to (113.5±8.4)°, (55.7±8.4)°, (58.7±2.1)° and (60.1±9.8)° after operation, respectively. The VAS scores decreased from 8.5±9.4 before operation to 5.5±7.1 after operation. The modified Harris and NAHS scores increased from 60.8±6.9 and 56.9±6.25 before operation to 88.1±10.4 and 84.6±5.4 after operation, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Manipulation release combined with arthroscopic debridement and synovium resection under general anesthesia could effectively control the progression of hip lesion in patients with ankylosing spondylitis restoring the ROM, relieve pain symptoms, delay joint deformity and ankylosis with less bleeding, faster recovery, and significantly improve patients' quality of life.</p>

Major Metabolite Levels of Preoperative Proton Magnetic Resonance Sectroscopy and Intraoperative Fluorescence Intensity in Glioblastoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To compare the intraoperative major metabolite level of preoperative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(H-MRS)and fluorescence intensity marked with fluorescein sodium(FLs)in glioblastoma(GBM)and thus provide an objective basis for fluorescence surgical treatment of GBM. Methods All newly diagnosed patients by plain and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging from the April 1,2014 to December 31,2015 were enrolled in this study.All of them receivedH-MRS and marked with FLs.The expression of Ki67 in tumor boundary were confirmed by postoperative pathology and determined by immunostaining assay.The relationship betweenH-MRS metabolite levels and tumor fluorescence intensity was analyzed. Results Totally 33 patients were included in the study.PreoperativeH-MRS revealed high-grade gliomas in 25 cases.The N-acetylaspartate(NAA)decreased significantly and choline(Cho)increased significantly in high-grade gliomas.The ratios of Cho/NAA,NAA/creatine(Cr),and Cho/Cr significantly differed in different tumor regions(P=0.02,P=0.01,and P=0.00,respectively).Surgical results were marked with FLs intraoperatively.Tissue fluorescence were clearly seen.There were 29 patients undergoing total resection and 4 cases undergoing subtotal resection.No acute encephalocele occured after operation,while 2 patients suffered from epilepsy.Postoperative pathology results included:28 cases were diagnosed as GBM(22 cases consistent withH-MRS diagnosis).The results of GBM fluorescence imaging included:the level of fluorescence intensity in tumor parenchyma was significantly higher than that in tumor boundary and peritumoral edema(P=0.01).The result ofH-MRS metabolite analysis included:The kurtosis of NAA and of Cho and the ratio of Cho/NAA were significantly different according the fluorescence intensity in tumor parenchyma(P=0.01,P=0.02,and P=0.01).While there was no difference in the kurtosis of NAA,the kurtosis of Cho and the ratio of Cho/NAA were significantly different according the fluorescence intensity in tumor boundary(P=0.02, P=0.00).In peritumoral edema,there was no significant different in kurtosis of NAA and of Cho and in the ratio of Cho/NAA(P=0.23,P=0.09,P=0.14).Immunohistochemistry in GBM tumor boundary showed different Ki67 expressions according to different fluorescence imaging(P=0.03). Conclusions The fluorescence intensity in GBM parenchyma is higher than that in other tumor regions,and there are different metabolic levels in different fluorescence intensity.The metabolic information marked by FLs and provided byH-MRS before operationis are important,and the correlation between them should be further investigated.

Follow-up Results and Clinical Significance of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Combined with Fluorescence Microscopy in Resection of High Grade Supra-tentoria Gliomas / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) combined with sodium fluorescein(FL) in the treatment of high grade gliomas(HGG). Methods From August 2013 to 2015 November,the clinical data of 72 supratentorial HGG(WHO grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ) patients who had received surgical treatment in our hospital were retrospectively studied,among whom 43 cases received MRS combined with intra-perative FL navigation(observation group),and 29 cases only received conventional surgery(control group). Post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were applied for more than 3 months. Routine enhanced MRI were performed 24-48 hours after the operation to investigate the extent of tumor resection. Six months after the operation,the quality of life of patients was evaluated by using the Karnofsky score,and 1-year postoperative survival rate and progression-free survival(PFS) were observed. Results Postoperative MRI showed that the rate of gross total resection(GTR) in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(72.09%vs.51.72%;χ=23.88,P=0.001),and the GTR rate of WHO grade Ⅳ tumors was significantly higher than that of WHO grade Ⅲ tumors in observation group(92.86% vs.62.07%;χ=6.06,P=0.042). The postoperative Karnofsky score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(μ=2.34,P=0.021). The mean time of follow-up was(16.4±2.4) months(8-21 months) and there was no statistical significant difference between observation group and control group in 1-year survival rate(74.07% vs.77.50%;χ=4.90,P=0.165) and PFS [(13.2±1.2) months vs.(12.7±2.0) months;χ=7.26,P=0.067]. In observation group,the PFS of WHO grade Ⅳ patients was significantly higher than that in control group [(14.2±0.3) months vs.(10.0±1.1) months;χ=11.03,P=0.031]. There was also no statistical significant difference between WHO grade Ⅳ tumors in two groups in terms of 1-year survival rate(71.43% vs.72.54%;χ=5.33,P=0.089),and there was no statistical significant difference between WHO grade Ⅲ tumors in two groups in 1-year survival rate(75.86% vs. 72.22%;χ=3.78,P=0.250) and in PFS [(13.7±1.4) months vs.(12.4±0.8) months;χ=4.85,P=0.083]. Conclusions MRS combined with intraoperative FL navigation technology can improve the resection rate and improve survival quality of patients,and there is no evidence that MRS combined with intraoperative FL navigation prolong the overall survival of patients with high-grade gliomas. Different outcome may be found with longer follow-up and increased simple size.

An investigation on the antibody levels to pertussis and diphtheria among healthy people in Wenzhou City / 预防医学

Objective To learn the immunity levels of pertussis and diphtheria among healthy people in Wenzhou City,and to provide scientific evidence for the effective control of the two diseases.Methods Stratified sampling method was applied in this investigation and 1 350 healthy people were investigated and provided serum samples.Vaccine immunization of pertussis and diphtheria and demographic characteristics were also collected.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was conducted to detect pertussis and diphtheria antibodies.Those with more than 1 00 IU/ml aged more than 3 years were also investigated the disease history.The estimated infection rate of pertussis for population aged more than 3 years was based on the test results.The attenuation trend of pertussis and diphtheria immunity levels after vaccination was analyzed contrastively.Results The antibody positive rate to pertussis was 36. 52%,and the median of antibody concentration was 1 9. 45 IU/m1 .The antibody positive rate and concentration was highest among 36 -60 years old people (64. 29%,36. 39 IU/ml ).The vaccination rate of population with more than 3 doses of DPT (Diphtheria Toxoid -Pertussis Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid)was 95. 80%,and the corresponding positive rate was 24. 36%.The positive rate was 28. 57% in 0-3 month and 1 0. 71% in 1 0 -1 2 month after vaccination.The antibody concentration to pertussis had a negative correlation with days after vaccination(r=-0. 22,P<0. 05).The proportion of subjects with more than 1 00 IU/ml in population aged more than 3 years was 7. 91%.The estimated infection rate of pertussis for population aged more than 3 years was 49. 27%.The antibody positive rate to diphtheria was 96. 00%,and the median of antibody concentration was 0. 1 3 IU/m1 . The positive rate was highest (1 00%) among 1 -2 years old people and lowest (82. 5%) among newborns.Antibody positive rate (protective rate)and antibody concentration to diphtheria of population which had more doses of DPT or had vaccinated with DT were higher than those had not (P<0. 05 ).The sustainability of vaccine to diphtheria was higher than pertussis after vaccination of DPT.Conclusion Residents in Wenzhou are generally vulnerable to pertussis.Natural infection is considered to be an important influencing factor for the level of pertussis.The level of diphtheria antibodies in Wenzhou is high.The vaccine containing diphtheria is considered useful for children.However,it is suggested to conduct diphtheria booster immunization in older age group.

Drilling decompression for femoral head necrosis at collapse stage / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical effects of drilling decompression for femoral head necrosis at collapse stage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 22 patients with femoral head necrosis on both side were analyzed from March 2006 to February 2009. Among them, there were 20 males and 2 females aged from 24 to 52 years old with an average of 38.4 years old. All patients were Ficat I on one side and Ficat I or II on another side. Drilling decompression were performed on all patients. The average followed-up period was 5.4 years (ranged, 1 to 8 years). The endpoint of severe pain(VAS ≥7), severe dysfunction (Harris ≤ 70), radiographic progression on Ficat IV and total hip arhtroplasty (THA) was used for survivorship analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Severe pain as an endpoint,13 cases were survived on Ficat III and 18 cases on Ficat I or II (P>0.05). Severe dysfunction as an endpoint, 6 cases were survived on Ficat III and 18 on Ficat I or II (P<0.05). Radiographic progression on Ficat IV as an endpoint, 2 cases were survived on Ficat III and 18 on Ficat I or II (P<0.05). THA as an endpoint, 13 cases were survived on Ficat I and 18 cases on Ficat I or II (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Femoral head necrosis with Ficat III treated with drilling decompression could prolong progression of disease , decrease percentage of THA.</p>

Combination therapy of Xipayimaizipizi Capsules and Tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of Xipayimaizipizi Capsules and Tamsulo- sin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly assigned 60 BPH patients to a control and a combination group of equal number, the former aged 62.03 ± 10.19 years with a disease course of 3.24 ± 2.18 years and the latter aged 64.77 ± 10.33 years with a disease course of 4.09 ± 2.63 years. We treated the patients in the control group with Tamsulosin at 0.2 mg qd and those in the combination group with Tamsulosin at 0.2 mg qd plus Xipayimaizipizi at 0.5 g tid, respectively, both for 4 weeks. Then, we obtained the mean frequency of nocturnal urination, maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) , and quality of life scores (QOL) of the patients, and recorded their adverse reactions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before treatment, the nocturnal urination frequency, Qmax, IPSS, and QOL were 3.60 ± 1.81, (10.40 ± 3.53) ml/min, 22.47 ± 8.58, and 4.43 ± 1.50 in the control group, as compared with 3.43 ± 1.61, (10.14 ± 3.43) ml/min, 21.93 ± 8.79, and 4.73 ± 1.31 in the combination group. After 4 weeks of medication, the combination group showed more significant improvement than the control in the nocturnal urination frequency (1.30 ± 1.18 vs 2.27 ± 1.60), Qmax ([13.85 ± 3.15] vs [14.36 ± 3.03] ml/min), IPSS (13.00 ± 1.53 vs 17.20 ± 8.43), and QOL (2.57 ± 1.61 vs 2.93 ± 1.68), all significantly better than the baseline (P < 0.05). The combination therapy achieved remarkable improvement as compared with the control in the nocturnal urination frequency (- [2.13 ± 1.11] vs -[1.73 ± 1.07]), IPSS (- [8.93 ?6.01] vs -[4.80 ± 3.87]), and QOL (- [2.17 ± 1.12] vs -[1.50 ± 1.01]) (P < 0.05), but exhibited no significant differences from the latter in Qmax ([3.72 ± 2.281 vs [3.95 ± 2.53] ml/min) and residual urine volume (- [34.30 ± 37.43] vs - [26.43 ± 30.49] ml) (P > 0.05). Adverse reactions were found in 5 cases in the combination group (16.67%) and 3 cases in the control (10%) , with no remarkable differences between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination therapy of Xipayimaizipizi Capsules and Tamsulosin can improve the symptoms of BPH and the patients quality of life of.</p>

Clinical effect of arthroscopic debridement and infusion-drainage on septic arthritis after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate therapeutic strategy on septic arthritis after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 6 cases of septic arthritis after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in our department from March 2005 to February 2014 were analyzed. All the patients were male,ranging in age from 18 to 36 years old. After operation, the knee joint became painful and swollen, and ESR and CRP were both increased. Culture of joint fluid allowed the recovery of staphylococcus epidermidis. The patients were dealt with arthroscopic debridement and infusion-drainage. The clinical results were evaluated by Lysholm rating system and range of motion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The infection of all the patients was controlled. The ESR and CRP both recovered to normal level. The score of Lysholm rating system ranged from 85 to 95,and the range of motion was 120 to 135 degree.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Arthroscopic debridement combined with infusion-drainage is effective in septic arthritis after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.</p>

Association of ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms with the risk of glioma

Several previous studies have reported the role variant of ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms in the risk of glioma, but the results of these studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the role of ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 on the risk of glioma. A comprehensive research was conducted through the databases of Pubmed, EMBASE and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI] platforms until June 1, 2014, including 14 eligible case-control studies. Our meta-analysis found that ERCC1 rs3212986 AA genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of glioma compared with CC genotype, and the pooled OR [95%CI] was 1.29[1.07-1.55]. By subgroup analysis, ERCC1 rs3212986 AA genotype was found to be significantly correlated with increased glioma risk in Chinese population [OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.07, 1.55], Similarly, we found that ERCC2 rs13181 GT and TT genotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of glioma in Chinese population, with ORs [95%CI] of 1.47[1.17-1.85] and 1.50[1.02-2.22]. But ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphisms had no significant association with glioma risk in Caucasian populations. By begg's funnel plot, we found that no publication bias was existed in this meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis suggested that ERCC1 rs3212986 and ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphism play an important risk factor for brain tumor development in Chinese population, but no association in Caucasian populations

An evaluation of immunization coverage of the first dose of measles containing vaccine using incidence rate / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the immunization coverage of the first dose of measles containing vaccine (MCV1 )by using the incidence of measles in Wenzhou City.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze measles cases that reported in Wenzhou city from 2007 to 2012 and evaluate the immunization coverage of the first dose of measles containing vaccine.Results The average annual incidence rate was 10.46/100 000 from 2007 to 2012,and the annual incidence rate was 43.44/100 000 for children aged from 8 months to 83 months (42.59%).Based on the proportion of immunized measles cases vaccine effectiveness (VE)of MCV,the evaluated coverage rate of MCV1 was 73.80% (VE=90%)or 84.92% (VE=95%)in children aged from 13 to 83 months.The evaluated coverage rate of MCV1 was 83.25%(VE=90%)or 90.86%(VE=95%)in local children and 69.5 1%(VE=90%)or 82.02%(VE=95%)in migrating children.The timely immunization rate of MCV1 was 59.48% (VE =90%)or 74.59% (VE =95%).Conclusion The coverage rate and timely coverage rate of MCV1 are still low.It is important to strengthen the management of migrating population and enhance propaganda to ensure a high level vaccination rate to accelerate the elimination of measles.

Hematological parameters in high altitude residents: Tibetan natives versus Han migrants / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Aim of our study was to compare hematological parameters in Tibetan natives with those in Han migrants living on the Tibet plateau in order to determine the potential effects of age, gender, and ethnicity on hematological response to hypoxia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood hemoglobin (Hb, g/dl), hematocrit (Hct, %), red blood cells (RBC,10(6)/mm3) were measured in 3 588 healthy Tibetan natives and 3 371 Han migrants ranging in age from 5 to 72 years, living at a mean altitudes of 2 664 m, 3 813 m, 4 525m and 5 226 m.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration analysis was made by multiple regression equations relating hemoglobin to altitude and age. For 2 093 Han males, Hb = 9.612+ 0.001440xaltitude+ 0.06148xage. For 1 948 Tibetan males, Hb =12.202+ 0.000462xaltitude+ 0.02893xage. For 1 278 Han females, Hb = 10.858+ 0.000939xaltitude+ 0.02632xage. For 1 640 Tibetan females, Hb = 11.402+ 0.000626xaltitude+ 0.00412xage. Each of the four equations was statistically significant (P < 0.001), and had variance (r2) of 0.86 or more, indicating that altitude and age accounted for at least 85% of the variation in hemoglobin levels. The coefficients for altitude and for age were higher (P < 0.05) in Han males than in Tibetan males and higher (P < 0.05) in Han females than in Tibetan females. The Tibetan postmenopausal females had higher Hb values than premenopausal females only presented at altitude above 4 000 m while this phenomenon was beginning at altitude of 2 664 m among Han females.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We conclude that gender and increasing age in Tibetans are associated with lower hemoglobin values than those in Han at high altitude, and we speculate that genetic factors seems to be important.</p>

Preparation of a glypican-3-targeting hepatocellular carcinoma MR probe and its molecular imaging in HepG2 cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare a glypican-3 (GPC3)-targeting hepatocellular carcinoma MR molecular probe and to evaluate its targeting specificity using HepG2 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared by a double emulsion solvent evaporation method, and the surfaces were connected with anti-GPC3 mono-antibody and paramagnetic substance Gd3+. The physical properties of the probes were investigated using fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, Malvern particle size analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and 1.5T MR imaging. The specificity of the probes to target cultured HepG2 cells was determined by laser confocal microscopy. The signal characteristics, including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), after co-incubation with HepG2 cells were analyzed by 1.5T MR imaging. Significance of differences between multiple groups (target group, non-target group, and control group) was assessed by one-way analysis of variance, and between two groups was assessed by the LSD-t test. A difference was considered to be statistically significant at P less than 0.05.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The GPC3-targeting hepatocellular carcinoma MR molecular probes were successfully prepared. The nanoparticles had a spherical shape, size of 495 +/- 17.5 nm, uniform size distribution, good dispersibility, no obvious aggregation, and could significantly increase the T1 signal. Using the ICP-AES measurement, 1 mol PLGA carried about 12 mol Gd3+, and as the Gd3+ concentration increased, the T1 signal increased. The prepared MR molecular probes could specifically target HepG2 cells, and could increase the T1 signal. The SNR value of the target group was 3.45 +/- 0.21, of the non-target group was 1.43 +/- 0.07, and of the control group was 1.12 +/- 0.03. The SNR value of the target group was significantly higher than that of the non-target group and the control group (P less than 0.05); there was no significant difference between the non-target group and the control group (P more than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PLGA nanoparticles, anti-GPC3 mono-antibody and paramagnetic Gd3+ can be used to successfully prepare GPC3-targeting hepatocellular carcinoma MR molecular probes which are capable of specifically targeting HepG2 cells in vitro and being detected by 1.5T MR imaging. These MR molecular probes may represent a useful noninvasive imaging method for detecting early hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo.</p>

MicroRNA-184 promotes proliferation ability of glioma cells by regulating FOXO3

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of microRNA (miR-184) on regulating the genesis, development and proliferation of glioma cells.@*METHODS@#Lipidosome was used to transfect miR-184 mimic and inhibitor to glioma cell line, and the cell proliferation ability changes were determined by MTT and plate cloning experiment after the transfection. WB test was used to measure the levels of cyclinD1, p27 and FOXO3. Meanwhile, QPCR was used to detect miR-184 expression in glioma cell line, glioma tissues and adjacent tissues. Luciferase experiment was used to test 3'UTR gene targeting regulation of miR-184 and FOXO3.@*RESULTS@#QPCR results showed a significant lower miR-184 expression level in glioma cell line and glioma tissues than that in juxtacancerous tissue. MTT and plate cloning experiments have shown that after over-expressing of miR-184, the cell proliferation capacity of glioma U87 and T98G was significantly increased, which was significantly inhibited after the inhibition of miR-184. WB results showed a lower expression level of p27 in U87 and T98G cells, and a higher expression level of cyclinD1 after over-expressing of miR-184 was observed. However, a lower expression level of cyclinD1 and a higher expression level of p27 after the inhibition of miR-184. The luciferase activity was inhibited after the over-expressing of miR-184.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MiR-184 can affect the proliferation abilities of glioma cells and regulate the cell cycle related protein. It plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gliomas.

Analysis on arthroscopic debridement and visco supplement for the treatment of degenerative osteoarthropathy of ankle / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate effects of arthroscopic debridement and visco supplement for the treatment of degenerative osteoarthropathy of ankle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2008 to May 2012, 30 patients with degenerative osteoarthropathy of ankle were treated with arthroscopy after ineffective treatment with conservative methods. Two patients lost follow-up. Among the patients, 19 patients were male and 9 patients were female, ranging in age from 28 to 56 years old, with a mean of (40.0+ 5.9)years old. Patients who had inflammatory or postinfectious arthritis,rheumatoid,gout,tuberculosis were excluded. Other exclusion criteria included previous arthroscopic treatment for ankle osteoarthropathy, intraarticular corticosteroid injection within the previous 6 months, a major neurologic deficit, serious medical illness and pregnancy. Articular cartilage iijuries were classified according to Outerbridge by the same doctor. Follow procedures were involved in the surgery: synovectomy,debridement or excision of fragments of articular cartilage or chondral flaps and osteophytes that prevented full extension. Microfracture of chondral defects was not performed. Ogilvie-Harris criteria was used to evaluate therapeutic effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to Ogilvie-Harris criteria, 10 patients got an excellent results, 14 good, 3 poor and 1 bad. The mean VAS score of pain decreased from preoperative 7.5+/-1.3 to postoperative 2.4+/-2.3. The score of dorsiflexion range (ROM-D) had no obvious change after operation [preoperative(27.0+/-7.3)degree and postoperative(29.0+/-5.6)degree]. The mean Tegner score increased from preoperative 2.7+/-1.3 to postoperative 5.6+/-2.2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Synovectomy, debridement or excision of chondral flaps and osteophytes under arthroscopy, as well as scheduled intraarticular sodium hyaluronate injection should be recommened to treat ankle degenerative osteoarthropathy.</p>

Mycophenolate mofetil affects monocyte Toll-like receptor 4 signaling during mouse renal ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been used to prevent transplant rejection for many years and has been shown to have protective effects against renal failure. The objective was to investigate the effect of MMF on monocyte Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the early stages of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) of mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into two groups: an IRI group, in which renal IRI was induced by clamping the renal pedicles for 45 minutes, and an MMF group, in which MMF was given (40 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), intraperitoneally) from 2 days before renal IRI. The plasma creatinine level and renal tissue damage of each group mice were observed 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion. The concentration of plasma high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) (TLR4 ligand), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and the expression of TLR-4 on monocytes were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The plasma creatinine concentration in the MMF group was lower compared to the IRI group (after reperfusion of 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours, P < 0.05). Pathological analysis showed that the renal damage was slighter, TLR-4 expression was reduced (after reperfusion of 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours, P < 0.05), and the concentration of cytokines in the plasma was lower (P < 0.05) in the MMF group. No differences in the concentrations of HMGB-1 were observed (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Monocyte TLR4 signaling is important in the early stage of kidney IRI, but MMF can inhibit it and improve renal function.</p>

Preparation and in vitro study of a high molecular weight contrast agent targeting hepatoma cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare a specific high molecular weight polymer contrast agent capable of specifically targeting hepatocarcinoma cells (HCC) and to investigate its affinity in vitro using HepG2 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The high molecular weight polymer polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLAG)-COOH was prepared by the double emulsion technique. PLAG-COOH microbubbles were combined with glypican-3 (GPC3) antibody to generate HCC targeting high molecular polymer ultrasound contrast agents by the carbodiimide method. The affinity for HCC cells was confirmed by measuring attachment to cultured HepG2 cells by flow cytometry and comparing the results with the properties observed for non-targeted high molecular weight polymer ultrasound contrast agents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average diameter of the targeted high molecular weight polymer ultrasound contrast agents was (800+/-10) nm. In vitro targeting of HepG2 cells showed that many of the targeted high molecular weight polymer ultrasound contrast agents attached tightly to the cell surface and that the GPC3-PLGA has a particularly strong targeting ability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A HCC-specific high molecular contrast agent, GPC3-PLGA, was synthesized and evidenced a strong targeting ability towards HepG2 cells in vitro. This new agent may be exploited to improve diagnosis of liver cancer at the molecular level.</p>

Arthroscopic debridement and synovium resection for inflammatory hip arthritis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic surgery in inflammatory hip arthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective clinical study was conducted inspecting 40 hips in 36 patients of inflammatory arthritis. There were 17 cases of ankylosing spondylitis, 11 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, and 8 cases of psoriatic arthritis. The joints were irrigated and the inflamed tissues were debrided with anthroscopy. The patients were followed up with Harris hip score, Oxford hip score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the 36 cases were followed up for 46-103 months, averaging 67.2±8.4 months. Harris and Oxford scores increased from 66.9±12.1 and 69.4±16.4 before operation to 78.4±19.3 and 80.2±18.8 after operation, respectively (P<0.05). VAS score decreased from pre-operative 8.5±2.5 to post-operative 7.2±2.5 (P<0.05). All the patients showed improved joint range of motion. MRI revealed alleviation of hip synovitis. The results were classified as excellent in 8 patients, good in 17 patients, fair in 8 patient, and poor in 3 according to Harris hip score. Twenty-seven patients were satisfied with the operative outcomes as they regained normal daily activities.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Arthroscopy-assisted joint debridement and synovium resection is an effective procedure for hip lesion in inflammatory arthritis. The inflammatory lesion might be thereby controlled and the symptoms be relieved.</p>